Lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws khov yog dab tsi? Nws ua haujlwm li cas?
Nkoog tshuab ziab khaub ncaws thiab lyophilizer yog cov lus npe rau cov khoom siv tib yam. Lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws ua rau txheej txheem tshem dej tawm feem ntau siv los khaws cov khoom lwj, txhawm rau rub lub neej ntev lossis ua kom cov khoom thauj tau yooj yim dua. Lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws kom khov ua haujlwm los ntawm kev khov rau cov khoom siv, tom qab ntawd txo lub siab thiab ntxiv cov kub kom tso cai rau cov dej khov hauv cov khoom siv kom sublimate.
Lub Tshuab khov khov ua 3 Lub Tsev Tseem Ceeb
Lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws khov hauv peb theem, nrog thawj thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog khov rau theem. Lub caij khov khov kom zoo tuaj yeem txo lub sij hawm kom qhuav li 30%.
Khov Theem
Lub tshuab nqus tsev khov siv ntau txoj hauv kev los khov cov khoom. Kev tso kom khov khov tuaj yeem ua kom txias nyob rau hauv lub tub yees txias, txias da dej (lub plhaub txias), lossis ntawm lub txee tso rau hauv lub tshuab txias khov. Lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws txias txias cov khoom hauv qab nws qhov taw qhia peb zaug kom ntseeg tau tias sublimation, ntau dua li melting, yuav tshwm sim. Qhov no khaws cov khoom ntawm lub cev daim ntawv.
Lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws yooj yim tshaj plaws ua kom cov dej khov nab kuab loj hauv cov dej khov, uas tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev khov txias lossis ua kom sib luag. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog cov khoom siv roj ntsha, thaum cov kua muaju loj heev lawv tuaj yeem ua txhaum lub xovtooj ntawm tes, thiab qhov no ua rau cov khoom tsis muaj dej khov tsis zoo kom txias. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov no, khov yog ua tiav sai. Rau cov ntaub ntawv uas caj npab los nag, annealing siv tau. Tus txheej txheem no cuam tshuam nrog ceev nrawm txias, tom qab ntawd tsa cov khoom kub kom tso cai rau cov muaju ntawm cov qoob loo.
Thawj Ziab (Sublimation) Theem
Lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws khov thib ob yog thawj qhov kom qhuav (sublimation), uas lub siab raug qis thiab cua sov ntxiv rau hauv cov khoom siv kom cov dej ua kom sublimate. Lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws khov lub tshuab nqus tsev ua sublimation. Lub tshuab ua kom khov txias lub ntsej muag txias muab ib qhov chaw rau lub pa dej kom ua raws thiab ua kom tawv. Lub condenser tseem tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lub tshuab nqus dej los ntawm cov pa dej. Kwv yees 95% ntawm cov dej hauv cov khoom siv tawm hauv qhov theem no. Thawj ziab tuaj yeem yog txheej txheem qeeb. Ntau dhau lawm cov cua sov tuaj yeem hloov cov qauv ntawm cov khoom.
Thib Ob Kom Qhuav (Adsorption) Theem
Lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws khov ib theem tom qab yog theem ziab khaub ncaws (adsorption), thaum lub sijhawm cov kua dej ionically raug tshem tawm. Los ntawm kev nce qhov kub kom siab dua hauv thawj theem kom qhuav, cov kab ke tawg ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov dej lwg me me. Khov khov cov ntaub ntawv qhuav khaws cov qauv ntxeem tau. Tom qab lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws kom tiav nws cov txheej txheem, lub tshuab nqus tsev tuaj yeem tsoo nrog roj inert ua ntej cov khoom ntim. Cov khoom siv feem ntau tuaj yeem ziab mus rau 1-5% residual noo noo.
Cov Teeb Meem Yuav Zam Txhaum Thaum Siv Lub Tshuab Txias khov
Cua sov cov khoom kub dhau lawm hauv qhov kub yuav ua rau yaj rov qab lossis khoom tawg
Kev tso cov hws tawm vim yog nqus tau cov hws ntau dhau.
Ntau dhau vapor tsim
Ntau qhov chaw hauv cheeb tsam
Tsawg heev me me hauv cheeb tsam condenser
Cov tub yees tsis txaus
· Tawm suab tso pa tawm - lub vapor tsim nyob rau ntawm tus nqi nrawm dua li nws tuaj yeem txais los ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj vapor, qhov chaw nres nkoj nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom lag luam thiab cov condenser, tsim kom muaj qhov siab ntawm chav siab.
Ib qho Tseem Ceeb Lub Tshuab Qhuav Tshuab
Ntawm no yog ob peb nqe lus tseem ceeb ntsig txog khov lub ziab khaub ncaws. Txhawm rau sau cov npe pom peb lub khov nplooj kom qhuav siv cov lus siv nyob rau nplooj.
Eutectic Point lossis Eutectic Cov Kev Ntsuas Kub
Yog qhov uas cov khoom lag luam tsuas yog tshwm sim hauv theem txheej txheem, sawv cev kub tsawg kawg. Tsis yog txhua yam khoom muaj eutectic point lossis yuav muaj ntau yam eutectic ntsiab lus.
Tus Mob Tseem Ceeb
Thaum lub sij hawm khov kom qhuav, qhov kub siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom ua ntej nws cov khoom zoo los ntawm qhuav-rov qab los yog tsaus muag.
Lub ntsej muag Crystal
Cov khoom tsim ua lub muaju thaum khov.
Muaj eutectic kis lossis ntau cov ntsiab lus eutectic
Lub sijhawm ua kom khov nrawm tsim cov muaju me me uas nyuaj rau ua kom qhuav
Kev thov txim siab tuaj yeem pab ua cov muaju loj dua
Amorphous
Ntu khoom sib xyaw ua ke uas tsis quaj thiab tsis muaj qhov laj thawj. Lawv hloov mus ua 'iav.'
Tsis muaj qhov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
Rau cov khoom siv amorphous, khov khov yuav tsum tau ua nyob hauv qab lub iav hloov qhov kub
Sua
Lub ntsiab lus uas cov khoom muag muag mus rau qhov kawg tias nws tsis tuaj yeem txhawb nqa nws tus kheej qauv. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua teeb meem rau ntau yam:
Poob ntawm lub cev qauv
Tiav tsis tiav ziab
Kev txo qis solubility
Ntau ablation (cais)