Taw qhia
Ntsiav tshuaj yog cov ntaub ntawv muab cov khoom siv feem ntau muaj cov tshuaj ua kom nquag plias thiab cov kws tshaj lij hauv cov hmoov, crystalline lossis cov ntaub ntawv nrog lossis tsis muaj cov khoom seem uas tau npaj los ntawm molding lossis compression txheej txheem. Lawv yog cov khoom, biconvex lossis tiaj tus zoo thiab txawv ntawm qhov loj me, cov duab thiab qhov hnyav uas yog nyob ntawm cov tshuaj uas tau siv rau kev npaj. Lawv kuj sib txawv hauv hardness, disintegration; kev cais cov yam ntxwv thiab tuab yog nyob ntawm lawv siv siv thiab cov qauv kev tsim khoom. Ntsiav tshuaj yog cov lus siv ntau tshaj cov khoom siv tshuaj vim tias lawv tau zoo thiab muaj koob muaj npe hnub dhau hnub. Ntsiav tshuaj feem ntau muaj cov muab tub lim, sib tov, khi, roj nplua nyeem, glidants, sib cais, antiadherent, cov tshuaj pleev xim thiab cov tshuaj tsw qab raws li cov neeg xa khoom.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj
Cov ntaub ntawv muab cov khoom siv nrog cov tshuaj muaj tseeb, ruaj khov koob thiab zoo meej thiab tsawg hloov.
Feem ntau ruaj khov nrog rau kev hwm txog lub cev, tshuaj thiab microbiological.
Pheej yig hauv qhov ncauj ntau npaum, yooj yim los daws, siv thiab nqa tawm nrog kev ntxim nyiam thiab ntxim nyiam.
Pheej yig, yooj yim mus nqos thiab ntau lawm tsis xav tau thiab cov txheej txheem kev ua ntxiv.
Muab kev tiv thaiv cov tshuaj los ntawm cov huab cua ib yam li huab cua, noo noo thiab lub teeb, thiab lwm yam.
Muab lub caij nyoog ruaj khov rau cov tshuaj.
Tsawg tus nqi tsim khoom piv rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv cov tshuaj thiab qhov teev loj yog tau.
Kev saib xyuas ntawm feeb feeb koob tshuaj nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb.
Cov hmoov tsis zoo yuav raug npog ntsej muag los ntawm qab zib txheej.
Yooj yim sib faib rau hauv halves thiab plaub hlis thaum txhua qhov koob yuav tsum ua.
Tsim cov khoom tawm tshwj xeeb tso tawm cov khoom lag luam xws li nkag los yog ncua cov khoom tso tawm khoom tawm.
Kev ntim khoom thiab kev tsim tawm yog pheej yig thiab tsis tas yuav muaj ntau qhov chaw cia.
Cov hom ntsiav tshuaj
Muaj ntau ntau hom ntsiav tshuaj raws li cov hom phiaj siv thiab txheej txheem.
[A] Cov ntsiav tshuaj ntawm qhov ncauj npaj rau kev noj
Cov ntsiav tshuaj uas tsis muaj zog: Cov ntsiav tshuaj tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev nias ib los yog ntau cov tshuaj koom nrog kom muaj feem nrog kev ua haujlwm los ntawm cov qauv txheej txheem ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj. Cov hom ntsiav tshuaj no feem ntau yog npaj los muab cov tshuaj tua phom tso tawm thiab sib cais. Cov ntsiav tshuaj yog coated tom qab compression.
Ntau cov ntsiav tshuaj compressed: Ntau cov ntsiav tshuaj compressed tau npaj los ntawm compressing cov khoom siv ntau dua ib zaug. Cov no paub zoo li ntau txheej txheej lossis ntsiav tshuaj hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj. Cais yog nyob ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm fills. Cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg tau npaj tau los ntawm kev cog lus ntawm cov ntawv sau rau hauv kev tuag tom qab los ntawm ntxiv sau cov khoom siv thiab compression.
Qeeb ua lossis Enteric coated ntsiav tshuaj: Cov ntsiav tshuaj no muaj ib txheej uas tiv taus kev tshem tawm cov ntsiav tshuaj nyob rau hauv Gastro Intestinal Track (GIT) thiab ua rau lub plab hauv plab hnyuv txhaws ua rau cov kev tso tawm qeeb. Cov tshuaj xau feem ntau yog siv thaum cov tshuaj tsis ruaj khov ntawm lub plab zom mov thiab yuav rhuav tshem lossis yuav ua rau mob plab zom mov lossis kom nqus tau cov tshuaj los ntawm cov hnyuv. Nquag txheej cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov kua qaub thiab acid ua haujlwm los yog hloov kho cov kua txig ntuj. Kev siv tshuaj pleev xim rau feem ntau yog: Cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), polyvinyl acetate phthalate (PVAP) thiab hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose phthalate.
Cov ntsiav tshuaj qab zib: Cov ntsiav tshuaj uas tsis muaj qab hau yuav raug lev nrog cov kob lossis tsis qab los ua suab thiab lub coater yog dej soluble thiab yaj sai tom qab nqos. Tsho tiv thaiv qab zib tiv thaiv tshuaj los ntawm ib puag ncig, tshem tawm cov iab thiab tsw, txhim kho cov tsos ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj thiab tso cai qhia cov ntaub ntawv. Qab zib txheej muaj qee qhov tsis zoo xws li ua kom lub tsho loj dua ntawm kev tsim tawm, xav tau kev txawj ntse rau txheej, nce qhov loj thiab qhov hnyav.
Cov ntsiav tshuaj zaj duab xis: Ntsiav tshuaj yog nrawm nrog nyias txheej ntawm polymer uas ua cov tawv nqaij zoo li zaj duab xis hauv ntsiav tshuaj. Cov yeeb yaj kiab feem ntau yog xim, ntau ruaj thiab tsis tshua pom. Cov txheej yog tsim kom tawg thiab nthuav tawm ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj ntawm qhov chaw xav tau hauv GIT. Kev siv ntau cov tshuaj polymers yog Hydroxy propyl cellulose, Hydroxy ethyl thiab propyl methyl cellulose.
Chewable ntsiav tshuaj: Cov hom ntsiav tshuaj muaj qhov chaw du, cream puag thiab feem ntau tsw thiab xim zoo li mannitol, sai sai uas ua rau yaj sai ntawm lub qhov ncauj. Cov hom no feem ntau pab tau rau kev muab tshuaj ntau rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus.
[B] Ntsiav tshuaj siv rau hauv qhov ncauj kab noj hniav
Cov ntsiav tshuaj Buccal thiab sublingual: Buccal thiab sublingual ntsiav tshuaj yog tiaj tus zoo thiab npaj siab yuav yaj cov tshuaj hauv buccal kab noj hniav lossis hauv qab tus nplaig rau kev nqus mucosa. Cov kev qhia no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov tshuaj uas tau rhuav tshem ntawm lub plab zom mov lossis nqus tsis tau zoo hauv GIT. Cov ntsiav tshuaj Buccal yaig maj mam thiab sublingual ntsiav tshuaj yaj sai thiab tsim cov nyhuv sai.
Troches thiab Lozenges: Lawv tau npaj siab yuav maj mam xaus feem ntau rau cov txiaj ntsig hauv zos tab sis qee zaum rau kev nqus system. Cov paib thiab Lozenges yog cov duab txiav uas muaj cov khoom ua kom zoo thiab tsw tus neeg sawv cev hauv cov khaub noom nyuaj lossis qab zib.
Kev Kho Hniav Hniav: lub khob hliav qab rau hniav yog tsim los tso rau hauv lub khoob khoob rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob kev loj hlob thiab qee zaum los ntshav los ntawm muaj cov coagulant. Hniav lub khob hliav qab maj mam tso tawm ntev ntev.
[C] Ntsiav tshuaj rau lwm txoj kev taug
Vaginal ntsiav tshuaj: Vaginal ntsiav tshuaj tau npaj los ntawm kev nrawm thiab zoo li tus kheej kom haum rau cov yas ua rau hauv cov mos txwv tsis muaj phom lossis ovoid cov ntsiav tshuaj uas tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw mos rau cov teebmeem hauv zos nrog kev rhuav tshem qeeb. Lawv muaj cov kab mob tawm tsam thiab tseem hu ua qhov chaw mos ntawm qhov chaw mos.
Kev cog hniav tshuaj: Cov tshuaj pleev pleev rau cog yog txhaj rau hauv qab daim tawv nqaij los ntawm qhov muab qhov phais me me txiav rau hauv daim tawv nqaij. Cov koob tshuaj tshwj xeeb tso rau hauv rab koob rau lub ntsej muag thiab lub plunger tuaj yeem siv rau kev tswj hwm. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj no yog kom ntev li cov siv tshuaj ib hlis dhau ib xyoo. Cov ntsiav tshuaj no yog cog cov intramuscularly lossis subcutaneous yog li lawv yuav tsum tsis muaj menyuam tsis taus thiab ntim rau hauv cov thawv tsis huv. [Suav Tshuaj - I, PV KASTURE, SR PARAKH, SA HASAN, SB GOKHALE, Lub Rau Hli 2008, pp-14-7,21]
[D] Ntsiav tshuaj rau kev daws teeb meem
Cov ntsiav tshuaj Effervescent: Cov ntsiav tshuaj Effervescent npaj los ntawm kev nyem ntawm cov ntsev muaj cov roj ntsha uas tso rau hauv cov dej.
Kev siv cov ntsiav tshuaj: cov hom tshuaj tsis siv ntxiv lawm vim tias lawv muaj qhov phom sij txaus ntshai. Lawv yuav tsum tau sau ua cov ntsiav tshuaj vim tias nws muaj ntau yam tshuaj muaj yees thiab cov kws muag tshuaj siv nws rau cov tshuaj muab tshuaj.
Cov ntsiav tshuaj Hypodermic: Cov ntsiav tshuaj Hypodermic yog cov ntsiav tshuaj mos mos uas muaj cov tshuaj soluble thiab siv rau cov khoom sib txuas nrog kev kho mob los ntawm tus kws kho mob. Lawv tsis siv ntxiv lawm vim tias nws nyuaj rau kev ua tiav thiab ua kom tau cov kua dej ruaj khov.
Cov tshuab ntsaws me nyuam yaus: cov tshuaj ntsiav triturates tsis tshua siv tam sim no ib hnub vim tias lawv tsis siv lawm. Lawv yog cov me me, cylindrical, puab uas muaj cov tshuaj me me uas muaj zog. Lawv yuav tsum tau yooj yim soluble nyob rau hauv dej thiab yam tsawg kawg nkaus tus nqi siab xav tau thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom lag luam. Triturates ntxig rau hauv tshuaj ntsiav lossis yaj hauv kua los muab cov tshuaj muaj zog.