Cov tshuaj txau yog cov khoom ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv uas cov tshuaj yeeb yaj kiab (s) thiab / lossis excipients yog muab ntim rau hauv cov phom mos lossis tawv yaj. Lub plhaub ib txwm ua los ntawm gelatin lossis lwm cov khoom siv tsim nyog polymeric thiab ua rau cov khoom siv yooj yim, tsis muaj qab ntxhiab, tsis muaj ntxhiab, ntxig yooj yim rau kev noj tshuaj tsis tas yuav tsum tau muaj cov txheej txheem theem ob.
Ua raws li cov khoom xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj ntsiav plhaub, cov tshuaj ntsiav tau muab cais ua cov tawv tawv lossis tawv muag, nrog cov tshuaj ntsiav muag muaj cov yoog hloov yooj yim, cov ntawv ua kua tawv. Cov kab xaj yuav tuaj yeem tsim ntawm ob daim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov thooj voos kheej kheej kaw ntawm ib kawg; daim ntawv luv, hu ua 'cap' thiab daim ntev, hu ua 'lub cev', lossis lawv yuav raug suav ntawm ib daim. Qhov khoom siv ob qho thiab ib qho tshuaj tsiav muaj feem ntau hu ua tawv pliav tshuaj ntsiav thiab mos pliav pliav feem.
Cov kab xaj yuav tuaj yeem tsim ntawm ob daim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov thooj voos kheej kheej kaw ntawm ib kawg; daim ntawv luv, hu ua 'cap' thiab daim ntev, hu ua 'lub cev', lossis lawv yuav raug suav ntawm ib daim. Qhov khoom siv ob qho thiab ib qho tshuaj tsiav muaj feem ntau hu ua tawv pliav tshuaj ntsiav thiab mos pliav pliav feem.
Tshuaj ntsiav sau cov ntaub ntawv
Cov tshuaj ntsiav tau muaj ntau hom kev tsim ua nrog suav cov hmoov qhuav, semisolids, kua tsis muaj kua, thiab lwm yam xws li cov hlaws dai, mini-ntsiav tshuaj, thiab txawm tias tsiav tshuaj me me feem ntau tau npaj rau kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj. Kuj tseem muaj cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb xws li tshuaj ntsiav uas tuaj yeem raug ntim rau hauv cov tshuaj ua kom qhuav qhuav, ntxiv cov tshuaj reagents ua ib feem ntawm cov khoom siv kuaj mob, thiab qee zaum muag pliav pliav tshuaj pliav rau qhov quav lossis lub qhov paum ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Thawj qhov tshuaj ntsiav npaj los ntawm gelatin yog ib daim-tshuaj ntsiav tau txais ntawv pov thawj nyob hauv Fabkis los ntawm tus kws muag tshuaj Joseph Gerard Dublanc thiab Francois Achille Barnabe Mothes (lub tsev muag tshuaj ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm) xyoo 1834. Txawm hais tias lub plhaub ntawm cov tshuaj ntsiav thaum ntxov no tsis tau ntim tshuaj, xws li cov tshuaj ntsiav zoo li yuav raug txwv. niaj hnub no ua cov gelatin tawv tsiav tshuaj raws li cov duab, cov ntsiab lus, thiab lwm yam ntxwv.
Xyoo 1848, James Murdock tau tsim ua ob daim tsom iav duab (ua kom tawv (gelatin) tshuaj ntsiav tau muaj ntawv pov thawj) Tebchaws Askiv xyoo 1865.
Hom tsiav tshuaj
kuv. Hard gelatin tsiav tshuaj
Hard gelatin tsiav tshuaj
Cov tawv tawv nkaws hauv qab no tseem paub ua ob tsiav tshuaj lossis qhuav tsiav tshuaj yog cov tshuaj muab cov tshuaj uas cov tshuaj no ntau dua thiab / los yog tshaj tawm muaj nyob hauv ib lub plhaub me me. Lub plhaub muaj ob ntu: lub cev tsim los tuav cov tshuaj thiab qhov cuam tshuam, thiab lub hau uas kwv yees li ib nrab ntev npaum li lub cev.
Cov tawv gelatin tsiav tshuaj yog tsim khoob thiab tom qab ntawd tau sau rau hauv kev ua haujlwm cais. Thaum lub tshuaj ntsiav puv chav ua haujlwm, lub cev yog ntim nrog cov tshuaj, ua raws li lub pob ntim nkag ntawm lub cev.
Cov tawv gelatin tsiav tshuaj yog tsim los ntawm gelatin thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv siv los pab kom cov tshuaj ntsiav tsim los yog txhim kho lawv cov kev ua haujlwm. Cov tsiav tshuaj muaj 13 - 16% dej, tab sis cov ntsiab lus dej tuaj yeem sib txawv, nyob ntawm qhov chaw khaws khoom.
Thaum cov av noo tsis tshua muaj, cov tshuaj ntsiav tuaj yeem dhau los ua brittle; yog tias muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw noo siab, qhov tsiav tshuaj tuaj yeem ua id zoo heev, nplaum, thiab plam lawv cov duab. Kev cia nyob hauv qhov chaw sov siab kuj tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov zoo ntawm cov tawv tawv nkaws.
Cov khoom siv ua lub plhaub tawv muaj nyob rau hauv ntau hom qauv ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab tau tsim los ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm 000 txog 5. Qhov loj ntawm 000 capsule yog qhov ntau tshaj thiab qhov ntawm tus naj npawb 5 tshuaj ntsiav yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws.
Txheem tshuaj ntsiav qhov ntau thiab tsawg.
ii. Mos nkaws tsiav tshuaj
Mos nkaws tsiav tshuaj
Cov tshuaj mos muag hauv lub ntsej muag kuj tseem hu ua lub plhaub mos ua lub ntsej muag, lub ntsej muag muag tawv mos, los yog softgel yog ib-daim ntawv tsim cov tshuaj ntau npaum li cas, suav nrog kua, ib nrab-tawv, hmoov qhuav, lossis txawm tias cov ntsiav tshuaj ua ntej tau ntim los ntawm ib-daim hermetically kaw ywj daim plhaub.
Zoo ib yam li cov tawv nqaij gelatin nyuaj, Cov muag muag gelatin tsiav tshuaj yog tsim los ntawm cov plhaub ntawm cov gelatin uas cov hnab yas zoo li glycerol, polyols lossis lwm cov khoom haum tau ntxiv. Lwm cov khoom siv tuaj yeem suav cov xim ua si, opacifiers, khoom noj thiab tshuaj khaws cia (feem ntau suav nrog hauv cov plhaw txoj hauv kev tsim los tiv thaiv microbial lossis fungal kev loj hlob).
Lub sijhawm txawv ntawm hom tshuaj ntsiav no yog nws qhov kev tsim kho ib-thooj. Qhov pub thiab tawm yog ua tiav los ntawm ib lub tshuab.
Cov ntsej muag muag muag hauv gelatin capsules muaj muag nyob hauv ntau hom duab (piv txwv li puag ncig, oblong, tubular). Lawv yuav yog xim lossis ob xim-xim thiab yuav luam nrog cov cim ntaus cim.
Qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov nkaws mos nkaws sawv cev nws lub peev xwm me me hauv tsawg, piv txwv li, 30 lub ntsej muag muag muag tuaj yeem ntim tau 30 me me (lossis 1.848 cm3).